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快速写一个爬虫

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这是崔斯特的第五十七篇原创文章

快、更快 (๑• . •๑)

缘来

今天下班前，老板让我帮忙爬一个数据，简单看了下，需要登录，看起来应该不难。回到家，注册一个账号，复制url，然后用postman转代码，简单暴力，直接撸。

这里说下postman的一个BUG，发送请求不会获得任何数据，如果你遇到，建议升级postman为最新版本

代码

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#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import logging
import pymongo
import requests
import traceback
from concurrent import futures
from urllib.request import urljoin
from scrapy.selector import Selector
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
client = pymongo.MongoClient()
coll = client['table']['collection']
# coll.create_index('url', unique=True)
url = "your urls"
headers = {
    'user-agent': "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
                  "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36",
    'accept': "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8",
    'accept-encoding': "gzip, deflate, br",
    'accept-language': "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8",
    }
def fetch(page):
    try:
        proxies = {
            'http': proxy,
            'https': proxy
        }
        response = requests.get(url.format(page), headers=headers, timeout=20, proxies=proxies)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            s = Selector(text=response.text)
            for i in s.xpath('//*[@id="search-results"]/tbody/tr'):
                url_ = i.xpath('td[4]/a/@href').extract_first()
                detail_url = urljoin(url, url_)
                data = get_detail(detail_url)
                logging.info('success save data {} '.format(data['url']))
                save_mongo(data)
    except Exception as e:
        logging.error(traceback.format_exc())
def get_detail(detail_url):
    try:
        proxies = {
            'http': proxy,
            'https': proxy
        }
        response = requests.get(detail_url, headers=headers, timeout=20, proxies=proxies)
        if response.status_code == 200:
            s = Selector(text=response.text)
            data = dict()
            data['url'] = detail_url
            data['SMILES '] = s.xpath('//*[@id="smiles"]/text()').extract_first()
            img = s.xpath('//*[@id="molecule-image"]/img/@src').extract_first()
            data['img'] = urljoin(detail_url, img)
            data['formula'] = s.xpath('//*[@id="name-structure"]/tbody/tr[2]/td[2]/text()').extract_first()
            data['Mass'] = s.xpath('//*[@id="name-structure"]/tbody/tr[3]/td[2]/text()').extract_first()
            return data
    except Exception as e:
        logging.error(traceback.format_exc())
def save_mongo(data):
    try:
        coll.insert(data)
    except pymongo.errors.DuplicateKeyError:
        pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
    # for i in range(1, 11):
    #     fetch(str(i))
    # if use Thread
    with futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=50) as executor:
            to_do = []
            for i in range(1, 51):
                future = executor.submit(fetch, str(i))
                to_do.append(future)

代码相当简单，fetch函数用来抓取列表页，get_detail函数抓取详情页，save_mongo保存数据库，需要说明下的就是最后使用的多线程了，这里号使用的是futures，并不想说很多大道理，来看看文档

提高速度

concurrent.futures 是python3新增加的一个库，用于并发处理，提供了多线程和多进程的并发功能

线程池

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import concurrent.futures
import urllib.request
URLS = ['http://www.foxnews.com/',
        'http://www.cnn.com/',
        'http://europe.wsj.com/',
        'http://www.bbc.co.uk/',
        'http://some-made-up-domain.com/']
# Retrieve a single page and report the URL and contents
def load_url(url, timeout):
    with urllib.request.urlopen(url, timeout=timeout) as conn:
        return conn.read()
# We can use a with statement to ensure threads are cleaned up promptly
with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:
    # Start the load operations and mark each future with its URL
    future_to_url = {executor.submit(load_url, url, 60): url for url in URLS}
    for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(future_to_url):
        url = future_to_url[future]
        try:
            data = future.result()
        except Exception as exc:
            print('%r generated an exception: %s' % (url, exc))
        else:
            print('%r page is %d bytes' % (url, len(data)))

进程池

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import concurrent.futures
import math
PRIMES = [
    112272535095293,
    112582705942171,
    112272535095293,
    115280095190773,
    115797848077099,
    1099726899285419]
def is_prime(n):
    if n % 2 == 0:
        return False
    sqrt_n = int(math.floor(math.sqrt(n)))
    for i in range(3, sqrt_n + 1, 2):
        if n % i == 0:
            return False
    return True
def main():
    with concurrent.futures.ProcessPoolExecutor() as executor:
        for number, prime in zip(PRIMES, executor.map(is_prime, PRIMES)):
            print('%d is prime: %s' % (number, prime))
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

关于入库方面，建议是增加唯一索引， coll.create_index('url', unique=True)，一个是去重，一个是提高查询速度。